The Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model: Analysis and Applications

Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the <i>EM</i> Algorithm

A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, Donald B. Rubin · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · 1977 · 49.2K citations

Statistical Signal Processing, Mixture Distribution, Engineering +13

A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

L. R. Rabiner · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1989 · 22.6K citations

Engineering, Machine Learning, Hidden States +19

Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm

Andrew J. Viterbi · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · 1967 · 6.7K citations

Engineering, Channel Capacity Estimation, Joint Source-channel Coding +14

An introduction to hidden Markov models

L. R. Rabiner, Biing‐Hwang Juang · IEEE ASSP Magazine · 1986 · 4.7K citations

Engineering, Basic Theory, Speech Recognition +21

Statistical Inference for Probabilistic Functions of Finite State Markov Chains

Leonard E. Baum, Ted Petrie · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · 1966 · 2.7K citations · Full text

Engineering, Probabilistic System, Hidden Markov Model +8