Permittivity transition from highly positive to negative: Polyimide/carbon nanotube composite's dielectric behavior around percolation threshold

Abstract

In this report, a series of composite films consisting of polyimide as the matrix and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as the filler (PI/MWCNTs) were prepared in a water-based method with the use of triethylamine. Their dielectric properties were tested under frequency of between 100 Hz and 10 MHz, and it was revealed that the permittivity value behaved interestingly around the percolation threshold (8.01% in volume). The water-based method ensured that fillers had high dispersibility in the matrix before percolation, which led to a relatively high dielectric constant (284.28). However, the overlapping caused by excess MWCNTs created pathways for electrons inside the matrix, turning the permittivity to negative. The former phenomenon was highly congruent with the percolation power law, while the latter could be explained by the Drude Model. AC conductivity was measured for more supportive information. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to record MWCNTs' microscopic distribution and morphology at the percolation threshold.