Drug-Related Side Effects of Long-termIntrathecal Morphine Therapy

Abstract

The utilization of intrathecal morphine administration for cancer and intractable non-malignant chronic pain represents an important leap forward in pain management. Yet, a wide variety of non-nociceptive side effects may also occur in susceptible patients. The side effects due to intrathecal morphine administration are mostly mediated by opioid receptors. Treatment usually involves the utilization of opioid receptor antagonist, such as naloxone. Patients considering intrathecal opioid pump therapy should be informed and advised about the possible side effects associated with long-term intrathecal morphine administration prior to placement of a permanent morphine infusion pump.