Heart Rate Reduction with Ivabradine Improves Left Ventricular Function and Reverses Multiple Pathological Maladaptations in Dogs with Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract

In dogs with HF, HR reduction with IVA reversed many of the structural, biochemical, and molecular maladaptations characteristic of HF. The findings support the concept that HR reduction in HF can elicit benefits, albeit indirect, on a host of maladaptations implicated in the progressive worsening of the HF state.