Use of ceramic-based cell immobilization to produce 1,3-propanediol from biodiesel-derived waste glycerol with Klebsiella pneumoniae

Abstract

This work is a promising process for further studies, as the immobilized micro-organism was able to reach high volumetric production rates at short HRT, it has an important role in tolerating and converting glycerol during fermentation. Therefore, HRT is a very significant operational parameter (P value <0·05) directly affecting the bioreactor performance and production rate.