Fundamentos da teoria da resposta ao item: TRI

Abstract

The paper offers a historical view and the basic rationale of the modern theory in psychometrics: item response theory (IRT). This theory has its roots in the 1930, but it was fully developed only in the 1950's, and became the standard theory in psychometrics in the 1980's. The IRT is one of the latent trait modeling theories that appeared in the 1930's. Latent trait modeling theories assume that the human behavior, called observable variables, is dependent and caused by latent traits, the hypothetical variables. The IRT assume this modeling and expresses the relationship between these two types of variables through a mathematical equation called the logistic equation. This equation produces a curve called the item characteristic curve (ICC). This curve defines the items parameters (difficulty, discrimination) in terms of the level of the latent trait, symbolized as theta (q). The paper also discusses the advantages that IRT offers over the traditional theory in psychometrics, that is, the classical theory of tests (CTT).