British Journal of Clinical Psychology · 2011 · 90 citations · 39 references
Social SciencesPsychiatryPsychologyPsychopharmacologyPsychophysiologyPsychotherapyAffect AssessmentAffective DisordersAntidepressant TherapyDepressionDepressive DisordersMoodAffectAffective Symptoms In DepressionAntidepressant ResponseDepression SymptomsDepressive Symptom AssessmentEmotionsNegative Mood SymptomsTreatment Outcome Prediction
Depression treatment seeks to rebalance excess negative affect and deficient positive affect, yet the reciprocal influence between these emotions has not been studied. The study investigates how negative and positive affect dynamically influence each other in depression and how this affects treatment response. Participants completed an Experience Sampling Method protocol measuring negative and positive affect at 10 random moments per day for six days, then received combined antidepressant and psychotherapy treatment with monthly follow‑ups and symptom assessments. Individuals with prior depressive episodes who showed altered baseline NA‑PA dynamics and whose positive affect boosts were followed by stronger negative affect suppression had better future treatment responses, indicating that individual differences in daily emotional dynamics predict outcome.
Although the treatment of depressive illness aims to restore the imbalance between an excess of negative affect (NA) and a shortage of positive affect (PA), no study has examined how NA and PA may influence each other in depression. This study examines how NA and PA dynamically influence each other in depression and how this may impact on treatment response.Depressed help-seeking individuals participated in the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which enables visualization of subtle dynamic alterations of momentary affective states over time. Thereafter, participants received a combination of antidepressant treatment and psychotherapy, and were followed up each month.NA and PA were assessed during ESM at 10 random moments per day for 6 days. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at monthly intervals during treatment.Future response to treatment was associated with altered baseline NA-PA dynamics in individuals with previous depressive episodes. Their daily life boosts of PA were followed by a stronger suppression of NA over subsequent hours than in other depressed groups or controls.Subtle individual differences in daily life emotional dynamics predict future treatment outcome in depression.
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