CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5)

TLDR

Canoco is a multivariate data analysis software focused on dimensional reduction, regression, and constrained ordination, widely used by biologists studying plant–animal community relationships and environmental interactions. Canoco provides scientists with accessible, powerful ordination tools to infer and visualize patterns in complex multivariate data. It offers linear and unimodal ordination techniques that can incorporate covariate‑specified background variation. Combined with extensive permutation test facilities, these methods have proven remarkably effective for applied research problems.

Abstract

Canoco is a software package for multivariate data analysis, with an emphasis on dimesional reduction (ordination), regression analysis, and the combination of the two, constrained ordination. Canoco makes effective and powerful ordination methods easilyt accessible for scientists wanting to infer and visualize pattern and structure in complex multivariate data, e.g. biologists researching the relations between plant and animal communities and their environment. Canoco contains linear and unimodal ordination methods, with the possibility to account for background variation specified by covariates. In combination with extensive facilities for permutation tests, these methods have proven to be remarkably effective in solving applied research problems.