Detection of the Phase Shift from a Single Abrikosov Vortex

Abstract

We probe a quantum mechanical phase rotation induced by a single Abrikosov vortex in a superconducting lead, using a Josephson junction, made at the edge of the lead, as a phase-sensitive detector. We observe that the vortex induces a Josephson phase shift equal to the polar angle of the vortex within the junction length. When the vortex is close to the junction it induces a π step in the Josephson phase difference, leading to a controllable and reversible switching of the junction into the 0-π state. This in turn results in an unusual Φ(0)/2 quantization of the flux in the junction. The vortex may hence act as a tunable "phase battery" for quantum electronics.