Ki‐67, mini‐chromosome maintenance 2 protein ( <scp>MCM2</scp> ) and geminin have no independent prognostic relevance for cancer‐specific survival in surgically treated squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

Abstract

At present, conventional histopathological criteria remain the most powerful predictors of CSS in surgically treated SCCP. Due to overlapping staining profiles, Ki-67, MCM2 and geminin, either singly or in various combinations, failed to immunohistochemically refine the boundaries between Broders' grading categories. Ki-67, MCM2 and geminin do not represent independent prognostic parameters but reflect a more aggressive behaviour in surgically treated SCCP. Further studies are needed to clarify the currently contradictory predictive role of proliferation-associated biomarkers in terms of predicting nodal involvement in SCCPs.