The evolution of NAD83 in Canada

Abstract

erencing by most federal and provincial agencies in Canada. The physical realization of this system has undergone several updates since it was first introduced in 1986. It has evolved from a traditional, ground-based horizontal control network to a space-based 3D realization fully supporting more modern position-ing techniques and the integration of both horizontal and vertical reference systems. After a brief review of previous reference systems used in Canada, the original definition of NAD83 and its subsequent updates are described, focusing on the definition of the current implementation NAD83(CSRS) and its relationship with other reference systems. Official transformation parameters between NAD83(CSRS) and ITRF (including WGS84) are provided for use throughout Canada. Possible future reference systems for Canada and North America are also examined.