Paradoxical helminthiasis and giardiasis in Cape Town, South Africa: epidemiology and control.

Abstract

Prevalence trends in this old community in Cape Town could indicate infection by swallowing eggs or cysts on food or in water, more than by exposure to polluted soil. Sewage sludge and effluent might be sources of infection. In adjacent, under-serviced, newer communities, promiscuous defaecation occurs. Probable vectors are discussed. The immune response to intestinal parasites might be a risk factor for HIV/AIDS and TB.