Glucose Tolerance and Cardiovascular Mortality

TLDR

Background: new diagnostic criteria for diabetes based on fasting blood glucose approved; impact of using FBG only not evaluated thoroughly. So: "New ADA criteria use fasting blood glucose, but the effect of relying solely on FBG has not been fully assessed." Purpose: compare fasting and 2h glucose criteria for mortality prediction. So: "The study compared fasting glucose and 2‑hour glucose tolerance test criteria to predict mortality." Mechanism: baseline data from 10 European cohorts, 15,388 men and 7,126 women, 30-89 years, median follow-up 8.8 years; hazards ratios for death from all causes, CVD, CHD, stroke estimated. So: "Using baseline fasting and 2‑hour glucose measurements from 10 prospective European cohorts (15,388 men, 7,126 women, ages 30‑89) followed for a median of 8.8 years, the authors estimated hazard ratios for all‑cause, cardiovascular, coronary heart disease, and stroke mortality." Findings: inclusion of FBG did not add info to 2h-BG alone; adding 2h-BG to FBG improved prediction; hazard ratios for 2h-BG diabetes: 1.73 all causes, 1.40 CVD, 1.56 CHD, 1.29 stroke; for FBG diabetes: 1.21 all causes, 1.20 CVD, 1.09 CHD, 1.64 stroke; largest excess deaths in impaired glucose tolerance with normal FBG; conclusion: 2h-BG better predictor.

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> New diagnostic criteria for diabetes based on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level were approved by the American Diabetes Association. The impact of using FBG only has not been evaluated thoroughly. The fasting and the 2-hour glucose (2h-BG) criteria were compared with regard to the prediction of mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> Existing baseline data on glucose level at fasting and 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test from 10 prospective European cohort studies including 15 388 men and 7126 women aged 30 to 89 years, with a median follow-up of 8.8 years, were analyzed. Hazards ratios for death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke were estimated. <h3>Results</h3> Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the inclusion of FBG did not add significant information on the prediction of 2h-BG alone (<i>P</i>&gt;.10 for various causes), whereas the addition of 2h-BG to FBG criteria significantly improved the prediction (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for all causes and<i>P</i>&lt;.005 for cardiovascular disease). In a model including FBG and 2h-BG simultaneously, hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) in subjects with diabetes on 2h-BG were 1.73 (1.45-2.06) for all causes, 1.40 (1.02-1.92) for cardiovascular disease, 1.56 (1.03-2.36) for coronary heart disease, and 1.29 (0.66-2.54) for stroke mortality, compared with the normal 2h-BG group. Compared with the normal FBG group, the corresponding hazards ratios in subjects with diabetes on FBG were 1.21 (1.01-1.44), 1.20 (0.88-1.64), 1.09 (0.71-1.67), and 1.64 (0.88-3.07), respectively. The largest number of excess deaths was observed in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance but normal FBG levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The 2h-BG is a better predictor of deaths from all causes and cardiovascular disease than is FBG.