Development of Methods for the Determination of pK_aValues

TLDR

The acid dissociation constant (pKa) is a widely used physicochemical parameter whose determination is relevant across many research fields. The paper introduces the conceptual evolution of pKa as a physical parameter, reviews its historical and current determination techniques, and examines how emerging scientific trends may shape future developments. Fourteen pKa determination methods are critically evaluated for comparative performance and modern applications, with an analysis of how current scientific and technological trends influence their future use.

Abstract

The acid dissociation constant (pK a ) is among the most frequently used physicochemical parameters, and its determination is of interest to a wide range of research fields. We present a brief introduction on the conceptual development of pK a as a physical parameter and its relationship to the concept of the pH of a solution. This is followed by a general summary of the historical development and current state of the techniques of pKa determination and an attempt to develop insight into future developments. Fourteen methods of determining the acid dissociation constant are placed in context and are critically evaluated to make a fair comparison and to determine their applications in modern chemistry. Additionally, we have studied these techniques in light of present trends in science and technology and attempt to determine how these trends might affect future developments in the field.