Ground-water chemical evolution and diagenetic processes in the Upper Floridan aquifer, southern South Carolina and northeastern Georgia

Abstract

Equilibrium speciation calculations Mass balance calculations Isotope mass transfer calculations Reaction path simulations Geohydrologic framework Geology Petrographic analyses Mineralogical analyses "C analyses Hydrology Chemical evolution and diagenetic processes Data sources Low-salinity zone Ground-water chemistry Chemical evolution model Chemical reactions Calcite dissolution and precipitation Feldspar incongruent dissolution 55 Cation exchange Anion exchange 56 Gypsum dissolution 57 CO2 generation 57 Mass balance 57 Isotope mass transfer 59 CO2 input 65 Mixing zone 70 Ground-water chemistry 70 Models 70 Conservative mixing 71 Seawater 71 Low-salinity ground water 71 Testing for conservative behavior 73 Limitations of the conservative mixing model 81 Reactions with minerals and organically derived compounds 82 Calcite 82 Dolomite 86 Silicates 87 Gypsum 88 Pyrite 89 Apatite 89 Organically derived compounds 91 Mass balance problem 94 iii Diagenesis 106 Low-salinity zone 106 Mixing zone