Trends in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Drug Consumption in Children and Adolescents in Slovenia from 2001 to 2012: A Drug Use Study from a National Perspective

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In most Eastern and Central European countries, except Germany, there is a lack of drug consumption studies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main purpose of the present study was to present the pattern and the evolution of national ADHD drug consumption in Slovenia. METHODS: The national consumption data for the period 2001-2012 and medication costs were obtained from the database of the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia. A defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day and the total medication cost in euro were extracted. Only immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-MPH), methylphenidate-osmotic release oral delivery system (OROS-MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) have been approved for ADHD in Slovenia and are included in this study. Amphetamines have not been available in Slovenia. RESULTS: ADHD drug consumption increased in Slovenia from 0.0537 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2001 to 0.0687 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2006 and to 0.3076 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2012. The rise was largely because of an increase in OROS-MPH consumption and increase in ATX consumption, whereas the consumption of IR-MPH decreased rapidly. During the study period, the total cost of the medicines increased 31-fold. From 2007 to 2010, the total cost of ADHD medicines increased 14-fold and from 2010 to 2012 the cost increased by 11.4% only. CONCLUSIONS: When new drugs are licensed in a jurisdiction, their prescription rates increase rapidly. The changes in the pattern of prescribing medicines are evident in Slovenia, primarily in the increase of OROS-MPH and ATX prescriptions and in the rapid decrease of IR-MPH prescriptions. Results indicate a need for appropriate interventions in Slovenia.