Strategies of Nano-Manipulation for Application in Electrochemical Biosensors

Abstract

Manipulation techniques of materials at nanoscale level have been pointed in the last decades as a promising tool to develop a new class of modified electrodes applicable in biosensors. Also, the high control of material properties is crucial to detect single events at molecular and atomic level. For instance, nanostructured thin films obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and Layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques has been reported as an interesting approach to obtain more selective and sensitive modified electrodes and in addition to nanostructured materials are promising strategies for the fabrication of electrochemical biodevices. Thus, our main focus in this review paper is to show an overview on recent trends in the utilization of manipulation techniques applied to the development of electrochemical biosensors. Emphasis will be given in the utilization of different techniques utilized on the modification of electrodes to enhance electrochemical biosensing performance of enzyme-, protein- and DNA-based biosensors and nano-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosis.