Stepwise <i>S‐N</i> curve and fish‐eye failure in gigacycle fatigue

Abstract

Fatigue failure is normally initiated at the surface of a material. For some materials, failure can be initiated both at the surface and the interior. This twofold materials behaviour in fatigue is represented by a stepwise shape in the S – N curve. An internal failure mode is especially important for fatigue life in the gigacycle range, as this mode is predominant at low stress ranges. Materials with a hardened surface fail from the surface only at high stresses, and at low stresses from the inside, forming a fish‐eye facet on the fracture surface. Exactly the same behaviour can be observed for materials without a hard surface, even at elevated temperatures. This paper displays some of the results obtained at NRIM and discusses possible interpretations.