Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · 2004 · 38 citations · 16 references
Open access
Natural SciencesEnvironmental SciencesToxicologyEcotoxicologyPesticide ToxicologyRisk AssessmentAquatic EcotoxicologyEcotoxicological Risk AssessmentEcotoxicology Of InsecticidesInsecticide ToxicityPesticide EcotoxicologyPesticide Risk AssessmentAquatic Insecticide ToxicityHousehold Pesticide UsePesticide Environmental FatePesticide Exposure EffectsPesticide Safety AssessmentPesticide Toxicity EvaluationPredicted No-effect ConcentrationToxic Substances Risk
Manuscript received, 3/3/04; resubmitted, 1/7/04; accepted, 15/7/04. A preliminary ecological risk assessment approach was used to determine the potential ecological consequences of pesticide use for aquatic systems in Thailand. Using a two-tiered approach, data from participatory community appraisals and household surveys were employed to assess exposure risk. Two sites representing monocrop (tangerine) and mixed-crop (vegetables and fruit) systems were studied. In the first tier the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) is based on an ‘extreme worst case ’ loading scenario. The PECs were compared with No Effect Concentrations (NECs) calculated from results of laboratory tests performed with standard test species. In the second tier, the TOXSWA model (TOXic substances in Surface WAters) was used to simulate pesticide fate for estimation of the PEC. The PEC:NEC ratios indicated that there is an extremely high risk that pesticide use will adversely affect the
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