Oral Immunization with F4 Fimbriae and CpG Formulated with Carboxymethyl Starch Enhances F4-Specific Mucosal Immune Response and Modulates Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Weaned Pigs

Abstract

CpG-A D19 appeared to be a promising adjuvant for an oral F4 subunit vaccine formulated with CMS excipient as monolithic tablets. This matrix afforded gastro-protection and delivered the F4 fimbriae at their intestinal sites.