IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · 1998 · 13 citations · 10 references
EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringNeuroscienceBiomedical ImagingDiagnostic ImagingRadiation DetectionBrain ImagingDetector TechnologyNeuroimaging PhysicsNeurostimulationPositron Emission TomographyPositron Emission Tomography PhysicsBrain RegionsDetectorsFunctional ImagingMagnetic ShieldingPet Detector TechnologyPet QuantificationPositron Emission Tomography DetectorsPositron Emission Tomography Instrumentation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to stimulate the human cerebral cortex to demonstrate the interconnections between different brain regions. Pulses of 200 /spl mu/sec and high magnetic fields 1.5-2.2 Tesla are used for the stimulation. These are sufficient to seriously perturb the operation of the photomultipliers (PMT) used in positron emission tomography (PET) a functional imaging technique which can quantify cerebral activation. Pulse trains typical of those used in TMS were applied close to PET detectors. When the detectors were not adequately shielded their ability to identify the crystal in which the /spl gamma/-rays from positron annihilation are detected, was severely compromised not only during the pulse but for a period of 100 msec afterwards. The use of three layers of well grounded mu-metal was sufficient to allow the detectors to function normally. We conclude that if adequate precautions are taken, the use of TMS for direct stimulation of the human brain during PET studies can be performed without degrading the scanners performance.
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Eric M. Wassermann · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · 1998 · 2.3K citations
Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. II. Implementation and validation.
M. E. Raichle, W. R. Wayne Martin, Peter Herscovitch et al. · PubMed · 1983 · 1K citations