NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS

TLDR

Hearing loss caused by recreational and occupational noise is virtually 100 % preventable and is the second most common sensorineural deficit after presbycusis. Avoiding noise exposure, using hearing protection, and screening exposed patients can prevent and detect noise‑induced hearing loss. Excessive sound creates shearing forces that damage cochlear hair‑cell stereocilia, and suspected loss should be evaluated with history, physical examination, and audiometry. If examinations reveal hearing loss, referral for full audiologic evaluation is recommended.

Abstract

Hearing loss caused by exposure to recreational and occupational noise results in devastating disability that is virtually 100 percent preventable. Noise-induced hearing loss is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit, after presbycusis (age-related hearing loss). Shearing forces caused by any sound have an impact on the stereocilia of the hair cells of the basilar membrane of the cochlea; when excessive, these forces can cause cell death. Avoiding noise exposure stops further progression of the damage. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented by avoiding excessive noise and using hearing protection such as earplugs and earmuffs. Patients who have been exposed to excessive noise should be screened. When hearing loss is suspected, a thorough history, physical examination and audiometry should be performed. If these examinations disclose evidence of hearing loss, referral for full audiologic evaluation is recommended.