A percutaneous fetal cardiac catheterization technique for pulmonary valvuloplasty and valvulotomy in a mid-gestation lamb model

Abstract

We successfully simulated in utero perforation and dilation of the pulmonary valve using percutaneous transhepatic access in fetal lambs. The technique has potential for clinical translation into treatment for human fetuses with critical pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.