"(In-)Coherence in EU Foreign Policy: Exploring Sources and Remedies"

Abstract

How does the EU deal with incoherence and coherence? In this paper we try to answer this research\nquestion in order to draw conclusions on the specific nature of the EU as a foreign policy actor. We\ndefine coherence and incoherence in EU foreign policy as our dependent variable in a first step.\nCoherence is understood as a principle guiding foreign policies in the EU as well as other\ninternational actors. Effectiveness is crucially linked to the principle of coherence, not only in the EU.\nHowever, the way in which the principle of coherence is implemented differs in ideal type polities in\nforeign policy. By analysing how the EU has dealt with coherence on both a constitutional level and\nsubstantive policy‐level, we can on the one hand explore where the EU locates sources of\nincoherence and addresses these through institutional change. On the other hand, we analyse how\nthe EU addresses vertical and horizontal coherence in substantive policy‐making. Here we rely on EU\nsanctions and EU crisis‐management as examples of coherence in policy‐making. We conclude by\npresenting our findings on a) how the EU addresses the principle of coherence and b) which\nconclusions about the EU’s nature in foreign policy we can draw.