Hydraulic Transient Guidelines for Protecting Water Distribution Systems

Abstract

Transients can introduce large pressure forces and rapid fluid accelerations into a water distribution system. These disturbances may result in pump and device failures, system fatigue or pipe ruptures, and even the backflow/intrusion of dirty water. Many transient events can lead to water column separation, which can result in catastrophic pipeline failures. Thus, transient events cause health risks and can lead to increased leakage or decreased reliability. Transient flow simulation has become an essential requirement for ensuring safety and the safe operation of drinking water distribution systems. This article provides a basic understanding of the physical phenomena and context of transient conditions, presents practical guidelines for their suppression and control, and compares the formulation and computational performance of widely used hydraulic transient simulation schemes. Such capabilities greatly enhance the ability of water utilities to conceive and evaluate cost‐effective and reliable water supply protection and management strategies and safeguard public health.