Transactions of the American Mathematical Society · 2006 · 11 citations · 20 references
Public AffairsNeurosurgeryBudget FormulationMarkov Decision ProcessesZero-based BudgetingBoundary ConditionsCharacteristic FunctionsRiemann Surfaces
Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Σ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a bordered Riemann surface with genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> boundary components. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace gamma Subscript z Baseline right-brace Subscript z element-of partial-differential normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> γ </mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Σ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lbrace \gamma _{z}\rbrace _{z\in \partial \Sigma }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a smooth family of smooth Jordan curves in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {C}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> which all contain the point <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in their interior. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p element-of normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Σ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p\in \Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper F"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\mathcal F}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be the family of all bounded holomorphic functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Σ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis p right-parenthesis greater-than-or-equal-to 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(p)\ge 0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis element-of ModifyingAbove gamma Subscript z Baseline With caret"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mover> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo> ^ </mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(z)\in \widehat {\gamma _z}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics>
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Pseudo holomorphic curves in symplectic manifolds
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