Effects of vascular endothelial cells on osteogenic differentiation of noncontact co‐cultured periodontal ligament stem cells under hypoxia

Abstract

Further increased osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of co-cultured PDLSCs under hypoxia were regulated by MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. And the ECs-mediated paracrine of PGE(2) and VEGF may facilitate the unidirectional PDLSC-EC communication and promote PDLSCs osteogenesis.