Solanum Nigrum is a Model System in Plant Tissue and Protoplast Cultures

Abstract

Solanum nigrum is a model system especially for newcomer to the subject of plant tissue culture. Shoot culture has been easily established from shoot cutting of germinated seeds on Gamborg (B5), or Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without phytohormones. Direct regeneration was possible using basal media B5, B5C (B5 supplemented with 5 % coconut endosperm milk), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), and MS, leaf, stem, shoot tip as explants, cytokinins benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) at concentrations from 0.25 to 2 mg dm-3, and different light treatments (dark, dim and normal light). The best culture condition for shoot formation was the culture of stem internode segments on B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm-3 BAP at 16-h photoperiod (irradiance of 100 µmol m-2 s-1). Also, root formation was possible under different culture conditions. The best culture condition was the culture of microshoot segments on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg dm-3 isobutyric acid. Induction of callus formation from young and mature tissues on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm-3 BAP, 0.1 mg dm-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg dm-3 naphthalene acetic acid, and subsequent plant regeneration on B5C medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm-3 BAP was easy. Regeneration of protoplasts isolated from shoot tips and fully expanded leaves was also simple. Finally, the transfer of rooted plantlets to the soil was successful.