Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society.

TLDR

PTSD is a highly prevalent, long‑lasting disorder that causes severe impairment comparable to or greater than other serious mental illnesses, with especially high prevalence and adverse consequences in conflict‑affected countries, yet population‑level prevalence and societal costs remain poorly understood. The study aims to review existing literature on PTSD prevalence and societal costs and to suggest that early, aggressive outreach could reduce these enormous costs. The authors conducted a systematic literature search of computerized databases and reviewed studies to quantify trauma exposure, PTSD risk, and adverse consequences in both focused and general population samples. PTSD is common, often chronic, and frequently linked to multiple traumas; it causes impairment comparable to or greater than other serious mental disorders, carries a high suicide risk, is under‑treated, and is especially prevalent and damaging in conflict‑affected regions.

Abstract

Little is known about the total population prevalence and societal costs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); this report reviews relevant literature on these topics.A literature search of computerized databases for published reports on trauma and PTSD was conducted. This literature was reviewed to find data on general population exposure to trauma, conditional risk of PTSD among those exposed to trauma both in focused samples of trauma victims and in general population samples, and the adverse consequences of PTSD.PTSD was found to be a commonly occurring disorder that often has a duration of many years and is frequently associated with exposure to multiple traumas. The impairment associated with PTSD in U.S. samples, where the majority of research on these consequences has been carried out, is comparable to, or greater than, that of other seriously impairing mental disorders. Risk of suicide attempts is particularly high among people with PTSD. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of PTSD and the adverse emotional and psychological consequences of PTSD are much greater in the many countries around the world that are in the midst of armed conflicts involving political, racial, or ethnic violence.PTSD is a highly prevalent and impairing condition. Only a minority of people with PTSD obtain treatment. Early and aggressive outreach to treat people with PTSD could help reduce the enormous societal costs of this disorder.