Although a uterine leiomyoma as a cause of fever in the puerperium is not new, rarely does it cause prolonged fever. It should be taken into consideration in pregnant women known to have uterine myomas during pregnancy and in the puerperium, especially if FUO develops. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can be a tool for making the differential diagnosis in such a patient, and exploratory laparotomy can be delayed until an emergency condition occurred, especially important during pregnancy.