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Could a first-trimester blood phosphatidylethanol concentration ⩾4 nM be useful to identify women with moderate-to-heavy prenatal alcohol exposure who are at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes?

Substance AbuseMaternal Cardiovascular OutcomeAdverse Pregnancy OutcomesGynecologyMaternal HealthPregnancyToxicologyPreterm Birth PreventionPrenatal CareMaternal-fetal MedicinePublic HealthPrenatal TestingMedicineWomen's HealthHigh-risk PregnancyHigh Risk