The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health.

TLDR

Mental disorders are a major public health concern, and while vigorous physical activity is claimed to benefit mental health, its effects on conditions such as schizophrenia remain unclear. This review examines evidence that vigorous physical activity benefits mental health and offers recommendations for future research. The authors conduct a systematic review of studies linking physical activity to mental health outcomes. Physical activity likely reduces symptoms of mild to moderate depression, may aid substance‑abuse treatment, improve self‑image, social skills, cognition, anxiety, and Type A behavior, though some studies report negative psychological effects.

Abstract

Mental disorders are of major public health significance. It has been claimed that vigorous physical activity has positive effects on mental health in both clinical and nonclinical populations. This paper reviews the evidence for this claim and provides recommendations for future studies. The strongest evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise probably alleviate some symptoms associated with mild to moderate depression. The evidence also suggests that physical activity and exercise might provide a beneficial adjunct for alcoholism and substance abuse programs; improve self-image, social skills, and cognitive functioning; reduce the symptoms of anxiety; and alter aspects of coronary-prone (Type A) behavior and physiological response to stressors. The effects of physical activity and exercise on mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, and other aspects of mental health are not known. Negative psychological effects from exercise have also been reported. Recommendations for further research on the effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are made.