European inter-continental emigration. The road home: return migration from the U.S.A.

Abstract

The author examines international migration to and from the United States during the period 1907-1914 and analyzes the reasons for the reverse flow of migrants returning to Europe. Factors in migration decisions that would cause variations in the levels and geographical patterns of temporary migration are investigated taking into consideration improvements in transportation labor opportunities wage levels and industrialization and urbanization in the United States. Features of Italian emigration for the period 1876-1914 and its effects on the United States Argentina and Brazil are studied