Atypical phenylketonuria due to biopterin deficiency. Early treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin and neurotransmitter precursors, trials of monotherapy.

Abstract

This report presents the first case where an infant with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency has been identified by screening of newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Therapy with L-Dopa, 5-hydroxytryptophan, Carbidopa and tetrahydrobiopterin was started at the age of seven weeks while the child received a normal diet. At that time already muscular hypotonia was observed. The girl, now 2 1/2 years old, shows slight muscular hypotonia and hypomotility, short periods of hypertonic extension of the limbs, and retardation of sensomotor and mental development of about 6-8 months. Monotherapy with tetrahydrobiopterin dihydrochloride, 20-40 mg/kg b.w., diminished the muscular hypotonia. The effect lasted however for only about 1 day. While urinary serotonin and phenylalanine remained normal for at least 3 days and neopterin was only slightly elevated, urinary free dopamine however remained low. Similar results were obtained after 1',2'-diacetyl tetrahydrobiopterin dihydrochloride administration, 20 mg/kg b.w.