Maximal access surgery for posterior lumbar interbody fusion with divergent, cortical bone trajectory pedicle screws: a good option to minimize spine access and maximize the field for nerve decompression

Abstract

A dedicated self-retaining retractor and directional neuromonitoring may guide surgeons during the procedure. Nevertheless, the surgeon's knowledge of anatomical landmarks, response to visual and tactile cues and intraoperative decision-making skills remain of paramount importance.