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Radioimmunotherapy with alpha-particle emitting radionuclides.
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2004
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Alpha-particle RadioimmunotherapyRadiation EffectsRadiation TherapyMedicineRadionuclide TherapyImmunologyHematologyRadiation ExposureRadiopharmaceuticalsMonoclonal AntibodiesRadiopharmaceutical TherapyImmunotherapyOncologyRadiation OncologyAlpha Particle TherapyNuclear MedicineRadiologyHealth Sciences
Alpha‑particle emitting radionuclides offer a short‑range, highly effective radiation that is largely independent of oxygen levels, dose rate, and cell cycle, making them attractive for targeted radioimmunotherapy. This review aims to identify clinical settings most likely to benefit from alpha‑particle radioimmunotherapy. It also summarizes the current preclinical and clinical research status of antibodies labeled with the promising alpha‑particle emitters 213Bi, 225Ac, and 211At.
An important consideration in the development of effective strategies for radioimmunotherapy is the nature of the radiation emitted by the radionuclide. Radionuclides decaying by the emission of alpha-particles offer the possibility of matching the cell specific reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with radiation with a range of only a few cell diameters. Furthermore, alpha-particles have important biological advantages compared with external beam radiation and beta-particles including a higher biological effectiveness, which is nearly independent of oxygen concentration, dose rate and cell cycle position. In this review, the clinical settings most likely to benefit from alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy will be discussed. The current status of preclinical and clinical research with antibodies labeled with 3 promising alpha-particle emitting radionuclides - (213)Bi, (225)Ac, and (211)At - also will be summarized.