Congenital clubfoot. Etiology, pathoanatomy, pathogenesis, and the changing spectrum of early management.

Abstract

Congenital clubfoot is a common problem of uncertain etiology with a broad spectrum of clinical severity. Much remains controversial and unsolved about this disorder. It is agreed, however, that early management should be conservative and that operative management should comprehensively address the deformities, to avoid if possible, subsequent operations. No single monograph can comprehensively review all aspects of this complex disorder. Our intent has been to touch upon the basic concepts and philosophies, to give perspective to the overall picture, for some, and to provide a stimulus and basis for further investigation and review for others.