Waveform Analysis of Peripheral Pulse Wave Detected in the Fingertip with Photoplethysmograph

Abstract

ICAM-1 upregulation by endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in many disease processes, but signalling mechanisms leading to increased expression are poorly understood. In the current study we investigated the regulatory capacity of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in ICAM-1 activation by stimulating endothelial cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IFN gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 prior to antioxidant treatment. ICAM-1 was expressed constitutively and upregulated on ECV304 by IL1-beta, IL2, and IFN gamma and on SKHEP-1 by IFN gamma, IL1-beta, and TNF alpha. Phenanthroline (PHE) and disulfiram (DIS) showed the greatest ability to inhibit cytokine-stimulated ICAM-1 expression and in a dose-dependent manner. The alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) conversion assay showed that PHE and DIS had zero ability to scavenge free radicals and thus no known antioxidant activity. However, both are known metal chelators and our findings therefore suggest a unique role for metal ions in the control of cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells.