Endomyocardial biopsy for monitoring heart transplant patients: 11-years-experience at a german heart center.

Abstract

The histological examination of right ventricular EMB still represents the gold standard of care for cardiac allograft rejection monitoring. EMB is an invasive, but safe and dedicated diagnostic procedure. However, the usefulness of recent non-invasive diagnostic approaches as an adjunct tool in monitoring for rejection remains to be further analyzed.