Women's physiology is the academic field dedicated to the systematic study of the biological functions, processes, and structures unique to the female human body. It investigates sex-specific differences in physiological systems and their dynamic changes across the lifespan, including the profound influences of hormonal fluctuations and reproductive status. This research area examines how these distinctions affect various physiological systems, from cellular to systemic levels, and their implications for health, disease, and performance, providing essential knowledge for sex-specific healthcare and research.