Ultrafast laser interactions is a research field investigating the physical and chemical phenomena arising from the interaction of matter with laser pulses lasting picoseconds or less. It focuses on non-equilibrium dynamics induced by high peak intensities. This domain characterizes ultrafast material responses, including ionization, electron dynamics, phase transitions, and structural changes, occurring on timescales inaccessible with conventional light sources. Its significance lies in enabling precise material modification, fundamental studies of light-matter coupling, and advanced spectroscopic and imaging techniques.