States' rights is an academic concept and area of study within political science, law, and history that examines the division of powers between a central federal government and constituent subnational state governments within a federal system. It investigates the historical evolution, legal basis, and political implications of claims by state governments to retain autonomy and authority over matters not explicitly or implicitly delegated to the federal government, often emphasizing constitutional interpretations that limit central power. This concept is significant for understanding federalism, intergovernmental relations, and ongoing debates over sovereignty and jurisdiction in nations with layered governance structures.