Speculative attacks is a research concept primarily within international finance and macroeconomics that investigates the causes, dynamics, and consequences of large-scale, coordinated speculative pressure on an asset or currency, often focusing on the role of policy inconsistencies, market expectations, and potential self-fulfilling prophecy mechanisms in triggering and amplifying financial crises. This field examines the conditions under which such attacks occur, their impact on exchange rates and financial systems, and the effectiveness of policy responses aimed at preventing or mitigating them.