Resource management (sustainable manufacturing) is the systematic planning, allocation, utilization, and recovery of resources, including materials, energy, water, capital, and human resources, within manufacturing operations and across the product lifecycle. This concept specifically addresses the optimization of resource flows and consumption to enhance efficiency, minimize waste, reduce environmental impact, and ensure economic viability and social responsibility, thereby serving as a fundamental practice for achieving the overarching objectives of sustainable manufacturing, which integrate environmental protection, economic performance, and social equity.