Prenatal genetic screening is a methodological approach employed during pregnancy to assess the probability or presence of specific genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities in the developing fetus. This field encompasses various techniques, including biochemical marker analysis, non-invasive fetal DNA testing, and ultrasound, aimed at identifying potential risks before birth. Its significance lies in providing prospective parents with information for informed decision-making regarding further diagnostic evaluation, pregnancy management, and preparation, thereby advancing reproductive health and medical genetics.