Political parties is a core concept and major field of empirical and theoretical inquiry in political science. It focuses on the study of organized groups that seek to influence or control government, typically through electoral mechanisms. This research area investigates their formation, internal organization, functions within political systems (such as representation, mobilization, and policy articulation), behavior during elections and in government, and their impact on political outcomes, governance, and the dynamics of democracy. Key characteristics examined include their ideological profiles, membership structures, strategies, and relationships with the state and society, constituting a fundamental analytical unit for understanding political competition and collective action.