Newborn medicine is a specialized academic and clinical discipline dedicated to the comprehensive study of health and disease states specific to infants during the neonatal period (the first 28 days of life). It investigates the unique physiological characteristics, developmental processes, pharmacokinetics, epidemiology, and pathophysiology inherent to this critical age group, aiming to optimize medical care, prevent morbidity and mortality, and ensure the safe and effective application of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions tailored to the distinct needs of newborns.