Network architecture (supply chain management) is the structural configuration of entities within a supply chain, encompassing the type, number, location, and connectivity of facilities (such as manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers), alongside the design of the transportation, information, and financial flow pathways connecting these entities. It represents the foundational structure that is frequently analyzed and designed using network optimization techniques to achieve strategic objectives like cost efficiency, service level performance, and resilience. Its design increasingly integrates considerations for sustainable systems, aiming to minimize environmental impact and ensure social responsibility throughout the network. In specific, specialized contexts, the architecture may also be influenced by or configured to support systems involving underwater sensing, particularly in supply chains operating within or interacting with maritime or subsea environments.