National innovation policies is a field of study within economics, public policy, and innovation studies that examines the deliberate actions undertaken by national governments to stimulate, support, and direct the processes of innovation across various sectors. It investigates the design, implementation, and impact of diverse policy instruments—ranging from R&D funding and intellectual property rights to educational reforms and technology transfer programs—intended to foster technological advancement, entrepreneurship, and knowledge diffusion. A central characteristic is the strategic pursuit of national economic competitiveness, enhanced productivity, and strategic advantage in the global arena. Its significance derives from the critical role innovation plays in driving sustainable economic growth, improving societal well-being, and ensuring national resilience.