Interferometric synthetic aperture radar is a remote sensing technique derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) principles, which utilizes the phase difference between multiple SAR acquisitions of the same area to measure subtle changes in surface topography or displacement over time. As an academic concept and methodological approach, it investigates Earth surface dynamics such as deformation related to seismic activity, volcanism, land subsidence, and glacial flow, as well as enabling high-resolution topographic mapping. Its key characteristics include the capability to detect centimeter-to-millimeter scale ground motion and its significance lies in providing a powerful tool for monitoring geophysical processes and environmental changes across large spatial scales with high precision.